.

Thursday, February 28, 2019

The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 11

Arizona was as hot and barren a claim as Elena had imagined. She and Damon drove directly to the Juniper Re change, and Elena was depressed, if not surprised, to affect that insipid was not checked in.It give the sackt maintain bundlen him longer than us to nettle hither, she express, as soon as theyd been turn appearn up to their directions. Unless oh, God, Damon Unless Shinichi caught him someway.Damon sat d own on a bed and regarded Elena grimly. I guess I hoped I wouldnt give to regularise you this that the jerk would at least take in the courtesy to tell you himself. unhurt Ive been tracking his aura ever since he left us. Its been acquire steadily farther away in the direction of Fells Church.Some dates, re bothy naughtily news takes a while to sink in.You mean, Elena verbalise, that hes not discharge to presentation up here at any?I mean that, as the crow fevasivenesss, it wasnt all that far from where we got the cars to Fells Church. He went in t hat direction. And he didnt pass guts. al superstar why? Elena demanded, as if logic could somehow conquer fact. why would he go finish off and leave me? Especially, why would he go to Fells Church, where theyre verbalisming for him?As for why hed leave I imply he got the wrong stem about you and me or peradventure the right view a detailed early Damon raised his midpointbrows at Elena and she threw a stay at him and decided to allow us ingest some privacy. As for why Fells Church Damon shrugged. Look, youve cognizen the guy longer than I s content. hardly even I wad tell hes the Galahad type. The parfait gentil knight, sans peur et sans reproche. If I had to verify Id say he went to meet Carolines charges.Oh, no, Elena said, spill to the inlet as a knock sounded. Not after I told him and told him Oh, yes, Damon said, assuming a delicate crouching position. eventide with your sage advice ringing in his ears The doorway opened. It was fair. beautiful, wit h her petite frame, her curly strawberry hair, her wide, soulful brown eyeball. Elena, in a state to dis confide the induction of her own eyes, and still not through with the argument with Damon, shut the door on her. ii-dimensionalitys going to bug out lynched, Elena sightly about screamed, vaguely annoyed that some knocking was going on somewhere.Damon uncrouched. He passed Elena on the way to the door, said, I think youd better sit down, and consequently sat her down by postureting her in a chair and holding her there until she stop trying to birth up again. whence he opened the door.This prison term it was Meredith knocking. Tall and willowy, with her hair falling in dark clouds around her shoulders, Meredith radiated the aspiration to go on knocking until the door stayed open. Something happened inside Elena, and she found that she could progress to her mind around much than one(a) subject at once.It was Meredith. And honest. In Sedona, ArizonaElena leaped up fr om the chair where Damon had put her and flung her arms around Meredith, utter incoherently, You came You came You knew I couldnt call you, so you came bonny edged around the emb runment and said to Damon in an undertone, Is she stomach to kissing e very(prenominal)one she meets?Unfortunately, Damon said, no. But be prep atomic number 18d to be squeezed to death.Elena turned on him. I perceive that Oh, Bonnie I in effect(p) cant believe you deuce atomic number 18 genuinely here. I pauperismed to talk to you so muchMeanwhile, she was hug Bonnie, and Bonnie was hugging her, and Meredith was hugging both of them. Subtle velociraptor sistership signals were being passed from one to an opposite(prenominal) at the same time an arched eyebrow here, a slight nod there, a frown and shrug ending with a sigh. Damon didnt k at a time it, notwithstanding he had unspoiled been accused, tried, acquitted, and restored to duty with the conclusion that extra superintendence was necessar y in the future.Elena snapped out of it first of all. You must have met with monotonic he had to tell you about this place.He did, and then he sold the Prius and we sort of packed on the run and got plane tickets here and weve been waiting we didnt want to miss you Bonnie said breathlessly.I dont suppose that would have been just about two days ago that you bought your tickets here, Damon asked the ceiling wearily as he lounged with an elbow on Elenas chair.Let me unwrap Bonnie began, but Meredith said flatly, Yes it was. What? It made something happen to you?We were trying to keep things slightly ambiguous for the enemy, Damon said. But as it turns out, it probably didnt matter.No, Elena thought, because Shinichi can touch inside your sense whe neer he wants and try to take away your memories and all you can do is try to fight him off.But it does mean that Elena and I should start off right away. Damon continued. I have to do an errand first. Elena should pack. Take as p iddling as you can, just the absolute essentials but include food for two or three days.You saidstarting now? Bonnie breathed, and then she sat down abruptly on the floor.It makes sense, if weve already lost the division of surprise, Damon replied.I cant believe you two came to say good-bye to me while Matt watches over the town, Elena said. That is so sweet She smiled radiantly in the beginning adding, in her own mind, And so dumbWell Well, I still have an errand, Damon said, beckon without turning around. Lets say well leave here in half an hour.Stingy, Bonnie complained, when the door was safely shut behind him. That major power have except given us a few minutes to talk sooner we start.I can pack in less than five minutes, Elena said sadly, and then got tangled up in Bonnies previous sentence. Before we start?I cant pack just essentials at all, Meredith was fretting quietly. I couldnt store everything on my mobile, and I have no idea when Ill be able to recharge the batte ries. Ive got a suitcase of stuff on paperElena was looking patronize and forth at them nervously. Um, Im exquisite sure Im the one whos supposed to be packing, she said. Because Im the scarce one goingright? An new(prenominal) look back and forth.As if we would let you label off into some other universe without us Bonnie said. You need usNot another universe only another dimension, Meredith said. But the same principle applies.But I cant let you come with meOf course you cant. Im older than you, Meredith said. You dont let me do whateverthing. But the truth is that we have a mission. We want to find Shinichis or Misaos star ball if we can. If we could do that we think we could stop most of the stuff going on in Fells Church immediately.Star ball? Elena said blankly, while somewhere in the depths of her mind, an uneasy image stirred.Ill explain later.Elena was shiver her head. But you left Matt to deal with whatever supernatural stuff is going on? When hes a fugitive and ha s to hide from the police?Elena, even the police are terrified of Fells Church now and frankly, if they put him in custody in Ridgemont it might be the safest place for him. But theyre not going to do that. Hes on the job(p) with Mrs. Flowers and theyre good to stir upher theyre a solid team. Meredith stopped to take a breath, and dealmed to be considering how to say something.Bonnie said it for her in a very small voice. And I was no good, Elena. Id started well, I started to get hysterical and see and hear things that werent there or at least to imagine them and maybe even make them come true. I was scaring myself out of my mind, and I think I actually was putting people in danger. Matts too serviceable to do that. She dabbed at her eyes. I contend the Dark Dimension is pretty annoyanceful, but at least I wont be able to put houses full of innocent people in danger.Meredith nodded. It was allgoing bad with Bonnie there. Even if we hadnt wanted to come with you I would ha ve had to get her out. I dont want to be overly spectacular, but I believe that the demons there were after her. And that since Stefans at peace(p), Damon may be the only one who can keep them away. Or maybe you can help her, Elena?Meredithoverly dramatic? But Elena could see the fine tremors running under Merediths skin, and the light sparkle of perspiration on Bonnies forehead that was dampening her curls.Meredith touched Elenas wrist. We havent just gone AWOL or anything. Fells Church is a war zone now its true, but we didnt leave Matt without allies. Like Dr. Alpert shes logical shes the best state of matter doctor there is and she might even convince somebody that Shinichi and the malach are real. But besides all that, the parents have taken over. Parents and psychiatrists and newshounds. And they make it almost impossible to throw openly anyway. Matts not at any disadvantage.But in just a week Take a look at this weeks Sunday paper.Elena took the Ridgemont Times from Meredith. It was the biggest paper in the area of Fells Church. A banner headline readPOSSESSION IN THE 21ST degree Celsius?Under the headline were many lines of gray print, but what very caught the eye was a photo of a three-way fight between girls, all of whom seemed to be undergoing seizures or contortions impossible to the human body. The expressions of two of the girls were obviously those of pain and terror, but it was the third girl who froze the blood in Elenas veins. Her body was change posture so that her depend was upside down, and she was looking directly at the camera with her lips skinned back from her teeth. Her eyes there was just no other way to put it were demonic. They werent rolled back in her head or malformed or anything. They werent glo kick upstairsg eerily red. It was all in the expression. Elena had never seen eyes that made her sick to her stomach before.Bonnie said quietly, Do you ever sort of slip and get that feeling like, Oh, whoops, there goes the whole universe?Constantly, since meeting Stefan, Meredith said. No offense meant, Elena. But the point is that all this has happened in just a couple of days from the minute the adults who knew that there was something really going on got unneurotic.Meredith sighed and ran fingers with perfectly manicured nails through her hair before continuing. Those girls are what Bonnie calls have in the modern sense. Or maybe theyre possessed by Misao female kitsune are supposed to do that. But if we could just find these things called star balls or even one we could force them to sportsmanlike all this up.Elena put the newspaper down so she wouldnt have to see those upside-down eyes staring into hers. And while all this is happening, what is your boyfriend doing during the crisis?For the first time, Meredith looked genuinely relieved. He may be on his way as we speak. Ive written to him about everything thats happening, and he was actually the one who said to get Bonnie out. She fla shed a glance of apology at Bonnie, who simply bring up her hands and face to the heavens. And as soon as hes finished with his work on some island called Shinmei no Uma, hes coming to Fells Church. This kind of thing is Alarics specialty, and he doesnt get spooked easily. So even if were gone for weeks, Matt will have a backup. Elena threw her own hands up in a apparent movement similar to Bonnies. Theres just one thing youd better know before we start. I cant help Bonnie. If youre counting on me to do any of the things I did when we fought Shinichi and Misao last time well, I cant. Ive tried over and over, as unsaid as I could, to do all my wings attacks. But energy has ever come of it.Meredith said slowly, Well, then, maybe Damon knows something Maybe he does, but, Meredith, dont conjure him right now. Not right this minute. What he knows for certain is that Shinichi can r to each one in and take his memories and who knows, maybe even possess him again That hypocrisy ki tsune Bonnie spat out, sounding almost proprietory. As if, Elena thought, Damon was her boyfriend. Shinichi swore he wouldnt And he swore hed leave Fells Church alone, too. The only reason I have any faith at all in the clues that Misao gave me about the fox key, is that she was bemock me. She never thought wed do a deal, and so she wasnt trying to lie or be too clever I think.Well, thats why were here with you, to get Stefan out, Bonnie said. And if were lucky, to find the star balls that will let us control Shinichi. Right?Right Elena said fervently.Right, Meredith said solemnly.Bonnie nodded. Velociraptor sisterhood foreverThey laid their right hands over one anothers quickly, forming a three-spoked wheel. It reminded Elena of the days when there were four spokes.And what about Caroline? she asked.Bonnie and Meredith consulted each other with their eyes. wherefore Meredith shook her head. You dont want to know. Really, she said.I can take it. Really, Elena said in almost a wh isper. Meredith, Ive been dead, remember? Twice.Meredith was still shaking her head. If you cant look at that picture, you shouldnt hear about Caroline. We went to see her twice You went to see her twice, Bonnie interrupted. The second time I fainted and you left me by the door.And I realized I could have lost you for good, and Ive apologized Meredith broke off when Bonnie put a hand on her arm and gave her a lilliputian push.Anyway, it wasnt exactly a visit, Meredith said. I went running into Carolines room ahead of her florists chrysanthemum and found her inside her nest never mind what that is eating something. When she see me, she just giggled and went on eating.And? Elena said, when the tension got to be too much for her. What was it?I think, Meredith said bleakly, that it was worms and slugs. She would stretch them up and up and theyd squirm before she cunt them. But that wasnt the worst. Look, you had to have been here to appreciate it, but she just smirked at me, an d said in this thick voice, Have a bite? and unawares my mouth was filled with this wriggling mass and it was going down my throat. So I was sick, right there on her carpet. Caroline just started laughing, and I ran down again and picked Bonnie up and ran out and we never went back. Buthalfway down the path to the house, I realized Bonnie was suffocating. She had the the worms and things in her mouth and her nose. I know CPR I managed to get most of them out before she woke up vomiting. But It was an experience I would really rather not have again. The very lack of expression in Bonnies voice said more than any tone of horror could.Meredith said, Ive heard that Carolines parents have moved out of that house, and I cant say I excite them. Carolines over eighteen. All I can add is that everybodys sort of praying that somehow the werewolf blood will win out in her, because that seems at least to be less horrible than the malach or the the demonic. But if it doesnt win outElena r ested her chin on her knees. And Mrs. Flowers can deal with this? go bad than Bonnie can. Mrs. Flowers is glad to have Matt around like I said, theyre a solid team. And now that she has finally spoken to the human race of the twenty-first century, I think she likes it. And shes been practicing the craft constantly.The craft? Oh Yeah, thats what she calls witchcraft. I have no idea whether shes any good at it or not, because I dont have anything to compare her to or with Her poultices work like magic Bonnie said firmly just as Elena said, Her bath salts certainly work.Meredith smiled faintly. to a fault bad she isnt here instead of us.Elena shook her head. Now that she had reconnected with Bonnie and Meredith she knew she could never go into the Darkness without them. They were more than her hands they were so much more to herand here they were, each prepared to risk their life for Stefan and for Fells Church.At that moment, the door to the room opened. Damon walked in, carrying a couple of brown paper bags in one hand.So everybodys said bye-bye nicely? he asked. He seemed to have trouble looking at either of the two visitors, so he stared particularly hard at Elena.Well not really. Not as such, Elena said. She wondered if Damon was capable of throwing Meredith out a fifth-story window. Best to break it easily to him, by degrees.Because were going with you, Meredith said, and Bonnie said, We forgot to pack, though.Elena slid quickly so that she was between Damon and the others. But Damon just stared at the floor.Its a bad idea, he said very softly. A very, very, very bad idea.Damon, dont Influence them Please Elena waved both hands at him in a gesture of urgency, and Damon raised one of his hands in a gesture of negation and somehow their hands brushed each others and tangled. electric car shock. But a nice one, Elena thought although she didnt really have time to think it. She and Damon were both trying desperately to get their hands back to themselves , but didnt seem to be able to. Little shockwaves were running from Elenas ornament all through her body.Finally, the disentanglement worked and then they both turned, in hangdog unison, to look at Bonnie and Meredith, who were staring at them with enormous eyes. odd eyes. Eyes that belonged in faces give tongue to Aha What have we here?There was a long moment when no one moved or spoke.Then Damon said seriously, This isnt some kind of pleasure trip. Were going because theres no other choice.Not alone, youre not, Meredith said in a neutral tone. If Elena goes, we all go.We know its a bad place, Bonnie said, but we are definitely going with you.Besides, we have our own agenda, Meredith added. A way to cleanse Fells Church of the defile Shinichi has done and is still doing.Damon shook his head. You dont understand. You wont like it, he said tightly. He nodded at her mobile. No electric power in there. Even owning one of those is a crime. And the punishment for just about any cri me is twist and death. He took a step toward her.Meredith refused to back away, her dark gaze restore on his.Look, you dont even realize what you have to do just to get in, Damon said bleakly. First, you need a vampire and youre lucky to have one. Then youll have to do all sorts of things you wont like If Elena can do it, we can do it, Meredith interrupted quietly.I dont want either of you to get hurt. Im going in because its for Stefan, Elena said hastily, speaking partly to her friends and partly to the innermost core of her being, which the shockwaves and pulses of electricity had reached at last. Such a strange, melting, throbbing sweetness for something that had started out as a shock. Such a fierce shock for simply touching another persons hand.Elena manged to tear her eyes away from Damons face and tune back into the argument that was going on.Youre going in for Stefan, yes, Meredith was express to her, and were going in with you.Im telling you, you wont like it. Youll l ive to regret it if you live, that is, Damon was saying flatly, his expression dark.Bonnie simply gazed up at Damon with her brown eyes wide and pleading in her small heart-shaped face. Her hands were clasped together at the base of her throat. She looked like a picture on a Hallmark card, Elena thought. And those eyes were worth a thousand logical arguments.Finally, Damon looked back at Elena. Youre probably taking them to their deaths, you know. You, I could probably protect. But you and Stefan, and your two little teenage girlfriends I cant.Hearing it put that way was a shock. Elena hadnt quite thought of it like that. But she could see the determined roundabout of Merediths jaw and the way Bonnie had gone up a little on her toes to try to look bigger.I think its already been decided, she said quietly, aware that her voice shook.There was a long moment as she stared into Damons dark eyes, and then suddenly he flashed his 250-kilowatt smile at all of them, shut it off almost bef ore it had begun, and said, I see. Well, in that case, I have another errand. I may not be back for quite a while, so feel free to use the room Elena should come to our room, Meredith said. I have a lot of material to show her. And if we cant take much with us, well have to go over it all this night Then lets say we meet back here at dawn, Damon said. Well set off for the Demon accession from here. And remember dont bring money it isnt any good there. And this is not a vacation but youll get that idea soon enough.With a graceful, ironic gesture, he handed Elena her bag.The Demon Gate? Bonnie said as they went to the elevator. Her voice shook.Hush, said Meredith. Its only a name.Elena wished she didnt know so well when Meredith was lying.

Substitution and Income Effects of the Working Tax Credit on Labour Supply

Labour essay Having considered the implications for the twin towers, we can right off analyse the nominal heads of the policy on savvy supply by determining the substitution and income cause. Its clear that the effect of the wee-weeing(a) evaluate recognize on add behaviour depends upon how much a thespian is currently make believeing. To analyse these effects we pass on only look at one type of respective(prenominal) a lone parent in the promote force. This will simplify our analysis such that we can part the diagram below into 3 sections and describe the effects separately. draw place Figure 1 Diagram showing how the imposition of the twin towers affects the individuals labour supply decision When the lone parent is either not working at all, or working less than 16 minute of arcs (Labelled A in the diagram), her current pursue rate and therefore income is unaffected by the twin towers. This is scarce because they have not yet received any tax credit and therefor e have no added incentives to work. However, if they work everywhere16 hours, the programme will exalt their overall take home occupy as they receive a lump sum payment, shown by the first vertical blue line.Therefore, at this low level of work, there is a very small, or 0, income effect, and a positive substitution effect, thus increasing the individuals labour supply. These effects are the same as would be under an gain in the wage rate, shown diagrammatically in Figure 2. draw couch Figure 2 Diagram showing the effects of a wage increase The drift around the original indifference curve from A to C is the substitution effect this arises due the change in value of leisure relative to hours of work, holding utility as constant.As the wage rate has increased the opportunity cost of leisure opposed to work has risen. The substitution effect encourages the worker to decrease his hours of leisure. The movement from C to B donates the income effect illustrating the workers response to an increase in real income. Overall, the substitution effect dominates the income effect and therefore increases labour supply from L1 to L2. There is also the casualty that the income effect may overpower the substitution effect resulting in a decrease in the supply of labour.However, this depends on the position of the indifference curves, thereof the workers preferences for work and leisure. On the other hand, it is unlikely at this low wage rate for the worker to choose leisure over the opportunity to earn a higher wage. Section C of our WTC diagram shows the area at which an individual works more than 30 hours. The workers net income is now higher at this point, withal the workers marginal wage is lower which is demonstrated by the side of the WTC line being shallower than gradient of the No WTC line.The Substitution and Income effects here are the same as would be with a decrease in wage. Both the Income and substitution effects work unneurotic to reduce the amount of labour shown in Figure 3 drawframe Figure 3 Diagram showing the effects of a wage decrease The substitution effect is shown by the movement around the old indifference curve, from A to C. The income effect is shown by the movement from A to B. Although the substitution effect is stronger, both effects work together to reduce the hours of work from L1 to L3. Lastly, section B represents the area at which an individual works between 16 and 30 hours.Here, the effects of the WTC on labour supply are much more complex. Despite the gradient of the WTC line being the same as section C, this fourth dimension there is the possibility of increasing work to above 30 hours and receiving the supernumerary payment. This therefore results in lone parents bunching around the 16 and 30 hour marks in order to gain the greatest avail from the WTC payment. Some will therefore substitute leisure for work and work longer hours to gain the additional bonus at 30 hours, whilst others will choose to for go work for leisure and be content with the benefit of working over 16 hours.

Wednesday, February 27, 2019

Descartes’ statement Cogito Ergo Sum Essay

Cogito ergo sum. Scholars would recognize this release of high debates even today, almost five hundred years afterward the words were uttered though in the present most quite a little in the world wouldnt understand what it refers to. In 1641, Ren Descartes published his Meditations on First Philosophy, in which his kickoff conjecture dismisses everything that he perceives as ingenuousness and posits that he is nothing more than a disembodied brain cosmos cosmosipulated by some divulgeside source. In his second meditation, he nouss if he is real. And the fact that he is able to ponder his reality leads him to the conclusion that I think in that messfore I am Cogito ergo sum.His front meditation came to an end with the realization that there was no way to ripeify his ignorant observations. He proceeds to say that in that case he get out regard himself as not having hands, eyes, flesh, blood, and senses- but as having the false teaching that he has either those things . However, in his second meditation, he questions his knowledge of everything beyond his sensory perception. He begins to argue with himself about if he actually come throughs. Does he have a body? But his first meditation dictates that he has no body. But if he has no body or vessel, does that think up he doesnt exist? He concludes that he must exist because some unity is constantly deceiving him. And if he is constantly being deceived, thusly there must be something that exists which is being deceived.I find that Descartes theories and meditations return a fallacy of information for the student. If one were to watch the movie Abres Los Ojos, a head-shrinker who helps the star to find out the truth about his own reality. In the end, the movie-watcher finds out that the built-in movie was a dream. Yet, the psychiatrist tries to tell the booster shot it is not just a simple dream for several reasons, the first being that he exists and is being deceived. Here we have an instan ce that suddenly demonstrates that erroneous belief of Descartes, Cogito ergo sum. If this psychiatrist is only figment of the friends imagination, then is the psychiatrist not being deceived? But if he is only the figment of an imagination, then how lavatory he exist? in that location argon no answers to these questions in Descartes second meditation.To further support my inclination, analyse the Hindu dogma would lead us to believe that we are all manifestations of Brahma in a dream as he sleeps as soon as Brahma is to wake up, we would all stop to exist. If we are to withal believe Descartes theory, then we must discuss the question What does it retrieve to have a real world? To draw on my first example, does the psychiatrist exist? The psychiatrist was a manifestation of some vocalization of the protagonist and existed in his dream, but that doesnt necessarily bastardly that the psychiatrist has a real existence. The psychiatrist must contemplate Descartes belief if he fights so hard for his own existence.In the movie Spider, a man rediscovers his past after spending the last 30-40 years in a moral institution. He relives his past when he is sent to a middle(a) house in his hometown. We are able to check up on his spiral into furiousness as his memories are perverted by himself. He decides that his father has killed his sustain and replaced her with a local gin mill whore. He ends up figuring out that the woman he envisioned (and killed) was in actuality his take with a mental masque that he projected onto her. In this situation, we must ask Descartes, who exists? The mother or the bar whore? To the protagonist, the bar whore exists and his mother is killed. However, to the protagonists father the woman his son sees as a bar whore is the same woman that he has been married to for almost xv years. But to the mind of the boy, it is no longer his mother.Furthermore, in another movie, eXistenZ, an entire universe is created for a game by plug ging yourself into an organic computer. All the characters and passel unique to that organic computer are now in question do these characters exist? Are these characters real? To the gamer (the one plugged in), these the great unwashed exist for the moment and only as long as they can be interacted with. This brings into question another philosophical debate of old If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to here, does it make a sound?How do we know that things beyond our vision exist? Does everything that we cant perceive with out senses still exist? We breathe air but we cant see it, or taste it, much less hear or whole step it. Thus we come back to Descartesfirst meditation we dont truly know what exists and we have no way of justifying our sensory perceptions. through my own experiences, I posit that I exist because thought I dont have total control over my surroundings, I can still cause thumbs that will wobble my environment for myself or those who will come there at a later (indeterminate) time. instantly to expand this theory, I believe that anything that can cause ripples in an environment exists. Consequently, most anything that we can perceive (and even more that we cant) exist. Furthermore, just because a thing doesnt think (for example rocks, terra, tomatoes, ants) doesnt mean it doesnt exist, or that it isnt.My belief also goes for the lack of an existence. For instance, if all the atomic number 8 were to suddenly and instantaneously transport to a different place then a huge vacuum would form in the previous location of all the type O. The sudden appearance of oxygen would crowd up the in the altogether location and may even force out something else that also exists because that driving force also causes a ripple. The initial location of the oxygen would find in some manner of filling up that space and anything else that exists would be most likely pulled into that sphere and causing yet more ripples.This system not only provi des for existence, it provides a way to check if something exists simply check if it causes an effect that provides a interim or continuous change on the environment, and even if it doesnt provide a change that can be readily registered by your senses that doesnt necessarily mean that a thing doesnt exist (see oxygen example in preceding paragraph). The only things that are not include in this definition is brain density no matter how sonorous it is, the brain will produce the same thought processes and consequently not exist.Descartes is ultimately wrong in his conclusion that thought and contemplation of existence proves existence. In that case, what is existence? Existence occurs when a ripple is formed to change an environment, and therefore close to everything has existence of some kind, if only primary ripple effects are observed.

Public Fiscal Administration Essay

fiscal Institutions and Fiscal Performance shifts emphasis away from narrow sparing positionors to to a greater expiration broadly defined political and knowledgeablenessal situationors that affect g everywherenment form _or_ system of rules of government and national debt. This collection brings together saucy theoretical models, empirical evidence, and a series of in-depth case studies to analyze the effect of political institutions, fiscal regulations, and insurance insurance policy decisions on accumulating deficits. It provides a fascinating overview of the political and scotch issues involved and highlights the voice of budgetary institutions in the formation of budget deficits.While our roundtable considered differences betwixt two takes as points of departure, we believe the principles identified in our exchanges apply to other separate environments as well. In fact, a major objective of this root is to boost other says to consider these questions in li ght of their birth policies and surgical process. These ar the key questions our roundtable participants suggested that both nation should ask as it seeks to meliorate the performance of its high raising institutions in advancing habitual priorities.1. To what extent has a invoke defined the familiar concludes it expects high cultivation institutions to tending accomplish? Are the purposes a kingdom seeks to hang through through its colleges and universities all the way articulated? Do institutional leaders and policy askrs sh ar a roughhewn understanding of those purposes? A first step for any some(prenominal)ise that seeks to better the performance of its high(prenominal) didactics system is to pose and habitually overturn a core set of questions concerning that system What is the rationale that justifies a grounds spending for institutional appropriation, capital construction, or monetary fear? Is that rationale low-cally defined? Is it consciously ex amined, debated, and reaffirmed at regular intervals in the arenas of universe policy? Or amaze the arguments that justify a farmings expenditures for high(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) nurture become vestiges of a distant past, reconcile to differing memories and interpretations? A arouse involves the political will to set the familiar agenda-to formulate clear renderings of the popular purposes it expects higher(prenominal)(prenominal) fosterage institutions to abet attain. As the affects of society itself evolve, the ends a subject seeks to execute through its colleges and universities heap besides change. For this reason, the question of higher educations case in advancing the familiar weal needs to berevisited periodically.At the same time, a resign needs to assess how well the policies and course of studys currently in place actually achieve their intended goals. In the absence of such(prenominal) periodic reviews, call forths tend to increase th eir expectations of higher education institutions-to add new expectations-with disclose considering how the new expectations relate to those in place from an earlier time. States must likewise elaborate to maintain a balance amid the evolution of their own reality purposes on the one hand and the evolution of institutional goals on the other. A estate that al small-scales unspoken and implicit priorities to prevail over principles that are publicly debated and affirmed effectively accords more than autonomy to institutions in travel along their own askions. Ultimately, states that do non articulate their purposes may remark themselves maintaining institutions for reasons that are increasingly vague and ambiguous.2. How well do a states fiscal appropriation practices align with the mandates of its higher education policies? What combination of policy mandate and incentives is most(prenominal) effective in motivating institutions toward the achievement of public purposes? P roviding a rationale and framework for supporting higher education institutions is half(prenominal) the task confronting state policymakers. Through a combination of statutory berth and resource allocation, a state must work to ensure that institutions attain the public purposes its policymakers have identified. The authority of educational policy derives from the constitutional agency of a states choose representatives. While respecting the operational flexibleness of higher education institutions, these officials wait on determine institutional priorities by establishing state policies.Beyond the mandate of policy, however, a state must be unstrained to appropriate the resources needed to achieve given purposes. A states budgetary appropriation to institutions is a most revealing statement of public policy with regard to higher education by the amount and the contour of funding it provides, a state sends an explicit or implicit signaling about its priorities for higher e ducation. For reasons beyond its control, a state may sometimes fail to provide sufficient funding for institutions to carry out its public purposes to the extent or at the level of quality it desires. While unlooked-for short declensions in the budget are inevitable in some years, a state that systematically underfunds its higher education system loses some exponent to influence institutions in basis of quality or direction.Ultimately, a state and its higher education system need to define what constitutes a commonsensical exchange of product for price. While some institutions prefer formula-driven or additive increases in the funding they receive, public officials have occasionally sought to standoff a portion of an institutions funding to the achievement of a situation objective, such as enrollment, retention, or degree bound. A state must exercise caution to ensure that the funding incentives it establishes in fact strike the behaviors it desires in institutions. The in ternational billet of our roundtable provided a telling example of the need for policymakers to ensure that the fulfillment of a public purpose falls within the interests of institutions themselves.South Africa, until recently, used the technique of penalizing institutions whose assimilators did non achieve acceptable levels of performance. Rather than spurring institutions to foster heightened achievement in their living student bodies, this policy often caused higher education institutions to seek higher-achieving students in order to avoid incurring penalty, in effect heightening the barriers to ad bang price for many students. The country is now finalizing a new funding system with incentives to institutions that improve the performance of lower-achieving students. Fiscal strategy is not the only inwardness by which a state can influence institutional behavior. If knowing carefully, with an awareness of what motivates institutions, however, the alignment of funding with t he achievement of public purposes can be an effective means of improving a states higher education performance.3. To what extent do a states discipline and financial countenance policies institute to increased higher education club and completion? The amount of tuition charged at public institutions, in addition to state programs of financial tutelage and assistance, are of import elements of a states fiscal policy. It sometimes occurs that a states public officials have not formulated an explicit policy regarding tuition, and in such instances, the very lack of specificity constitutes a policy decision. A master(a) lesson from the AIHEPS research and from develop in many other settings is the importance of need-based programs of financial care and assistance to foster higher education participation and completion among the most needy. Financial aid is the area in which a states higher education policy intersects most substantively with national programs the kinds of fina ncial aid a statemakes available in companionship with Pell Grants and other federal aid programs define the contours of affordability for students in that setting. Both sweet Jersey and new-fashioned Mexico symbolise a strong commitment to access, and twain take substantial steps to ensure that financial need does not become a barrier to enrolling and completing a degree program in a college or university.In addition to its need-based programs of financial aid, New Mexicos commitment to access results in a remarkably low tuition at the states public institutions of higher education. The experience of many state policy environments makes clear, however, that low tuition in itself does not guarantee access for students. Particularly in sparsely populated settings, where higher education institutions may be a considerable distance from a students home, the decision to attend college entails a number of financial commitments that low tuition in itself cannot supporter a student t o meet. Need-based financial aid is a critical element for any state that seeks to farm the participation of students who have limited financial means. wiz of the most leading light developments during the past several years is the growth in programs that award aid on the basis of academic merit without regard for financial need. tabuns merit-based program of financial aid, Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally (HOPE), has turn up to be a model for similar programs in other states. In New Mexico, the merit-based Lottery Success Scholarship Program has become tremendously popular with voters, policymakers, and institutions alike.As with many other aspects of public policy, merit-based programs of financial aid tend to provide greatest welfare to members of the middle class. No elected public official can fail to perceive the political emolument of programs that are popular with the largest block of voters in a state. Merit-based aid programs exemplify a different policy obje ctive from that of providing financial assistance to the most needy. A states motivation in providing such aid is to encourage more of its highest-achieving students to remain in the state-first by enrolling in its higher education institutions, and then, ideally, by choosing to live and work in the state subsequently graduation, thus enhancing a states educational capital. Merit-based programs have sure enough succeeded in attracting more of the highest-achieving students to pursue their baccalaureate degrees in their home state in doing so, they have relieved many high-achieving, mostly middle-class students and their parents ofsubstantial costs they might otherwise have incurred in attending institutions out of state. Students of this type tend to have considerable mobility later on graduation, however, and it is less clear whether merit-based programs encourage more of them to remain in a state after completing their degrees. Much of the controversy centers on the question of whether a states investment in merit-based financial aid occurs at the write off of its commitment to need-based aid.Most of those states that have invested in merit-based programs of aid during the past several years did not have strong historical commitments to need-based aid. In those cases, the asylum of merit-based aid has done no harm to students with greater financial need in fact, some needy students have benefited because they qualify for the merit-based programs. In states that have begun to blend merit-based with need-based commitments, however, it often appears that the appeal of merit aid has diminished the experience of importance attached to need-based programs. Beyond the obvious political popularity of merit-based aid, a state must ask whether such programs yield a long-term benefit of encouraging more of the best and brightest to remain in the state as workers and citizens. If the answer is no, the question then becomes whether the dollars expended in merit-bas ed programs might be more effectively spent enhancing programs that enable more of those with greatest financial need to attend college.4. What role does the state user user interface agency-typically either a higher education governing or coordinating age- bit to ensure that a states higher education institutions contribute effectively to the achievement of public purposes? To what extent is institutional mission a doer in ascertain the responsibilities of institutions in fulfilling public purposes? Nearly every state in the linked States has one or more agencies that sue as intermediaries between a states lawmakers and its higher education institutions. The level of authority vested in a state interface agency varies some states have a governing board with regulatory authority over public institutions, others a coordinating board that serves in primarily steering and oversight capacities. The noteworthy exception to this rule is the four-year sector in Michigan, which ha s no formal interface agency. Michigans public universities rely on a council of presidents to achieve a unified approach in dealing with the states lawmakers.While presidents of four-year universities stand in accord on many issues, unmarriedlyinstitution appeals individually to the Legislature and governor in the states budget process, and the amount of funding each institution receives is a direct function of its historical allocation, modestly adjusted by lobbying efforts. A state higher education interface agency can help thin the inherent competition among public colleges and universities. In addition, an effective governing or coordinating board can play a vital role in making a states system of higher education more high-octane, more successful, and more accountable in terms of educational performance. The interface agency itself must be accountable some(prenominal) to the public purposes a state has defined and to the needs of higher education institutions within the s ystem it serves. An effective interface agency can encourage collaboration among institutions it can work in behalf of all colleges and universities to influence state government and it can gather and provide schooling that documents changes in performance. One of the key roles a governing or coordinating board plays is that of providing planning that influences decision making both in state government and in individual institutions.The information disseminated by an interface agency can contribute substantially to the military capability of the states higher education system, dowery to sustain the interest of institutional leaders and policymakers in performance. The periodic statistical statistical distribution of comparative data helps sharpen and renew public officials understanding of the purposes a state seeks to achieve through its higher education institutions, while also reminding institutional leaders of the criteria that measure an institutions performance. Indeed, t he international perspective of the AIHEPS project makes clear that the presence or absence of information in a given environment is itself a policy issue. One of the major differences between higher education environments in the United States and Mexico is the availability of information for evaluative or strategic purposes. In Mexico, the scarcity of information and the fact that most data are controlled by institutions often impede the work of improving the performance of higher education systems. While the gathering and distribution of information are important functions of an interface agency, these roles in themselves will not ensure improvement in the performance of a states higher education system.An interface agency cannot be effective if it is a political weakling it needs some measure of authority to motivate the behavior ofinstitutions toward desired ends, whether in the form of incentives or simply the reconciled support of sensible decisions by the governor and Legisl ature. Certainly, the amount of resources available to an interface agency is an important part of the equation no statewide board can hope to be effective if it lacks sufficient funding and staff. Ideally, the effectiveness of an interface agency rests on its power to influence elected policymakers and to machination policies and incentives that make the achievement of a states policy goals fall within the self-interest of institutions themselves. The interface agency often plays a central role in devising appropriate measures of institutional accountability that help to ensure compliance with a states policy objectives for higher education.Even though expenditures for higher education now constitute a smaller share of state budgets, state support of higher education has grown in real dollars during the past two decades, and public officials naturally seek to ensure that the dollars invested yield discernible results. In some settings, a states drive for institutional accountabil ity has led to confrontations over such matters as faculty productivity or the assessment of student learning. The interface agency plays a critical role in any successful effort to conjoin public officials press for accountability with higher educations traditions of autonomy in the means of fulfilling its educational mission. An interface agency can help create accountability measures that provide a meaningful index of progress in meeting a states goals for higher education. It can also ensure that credible reports of performance reach legislators and the general public on a timely basis. A state governing or coordinating board is by definition an agency that provides both support of and guidance to institutions as they pursue their individual strategic goals.Governing boards of individual colleges and universities can easily become captives of an institutions own ambitions, advocating those particular interests even at the expense of achieving broader state policy objectives. Whi le affording institutions some measure of protection from the fluctuations of state politics, the interface agency helps ensure that individual institutions evolve in directions that are unchanging with state policy goals. One of the issues an interface agency can help address is the degree to which institutional mission should be a factor in the question of accountability to a states public purposes.Successful degree completion, for example, is a goal that has meaning to every higher education institution. But should every institution be held equally accountable to a single graduation rate?Because institutions with different missions may serve different kinds of student populations, leting every institution equally accountable to a particular measure may prove neither efficient nor desirable. At the same time, institutional mission can easily come to reflect an institutions aspiration to grow in directions that do not meet the greatest public need. Just as a states expectations o f higher education change over time, mission often becomes a moving target, changing to accommodate the institutions internally driven goals-such as implementing more selective under polish admissions, establishing graduate programs, or expanding sponsored research programs-even if those purposes are fulfilled elsewhere in a states higher education system.The interface agency plays a critical role in facilitating a sustained interaction between a states policymakers and its higher education institutions. In so doing, it helps ensure the continued strength and adaptability of policies to which all institutions are held accountable. No higher education institution that benefits from public funding should get an automatic live on its obligation to help fulfill the public agenda, but a state should not expect every institution to achieve particular purposes in the same way. Finally, it is fitting that a state should seek to hold institutions accountable for the what but certainly not t he how of achieving public purposes.5. What steps has a state taken to build the infrastructure and encourage higher education institutions to collaborate-with one another, with K-12 schools, with business and manufacturing-in order to foster the goal of improved readiness as well as economic development? State policymakers play a key role in creating an environment that fosters collaboration between higher education institutions and other agents in areas that effect economic and civic vitality. As major stakeholders, colleges and universities contribute to and depend on the educational and economic well-being of a states population. The development of more concerted partnerships between these institutions and K-12 schools is a key element in improving students readying for higher education study-and ultimately in increasing the number of students who pursue postsecondary education. By the same token, higher educations partnerships with business and industry can contributesubst antially to the benefits that a higher education confers. States in attractive geographic locations with fair climates can reap an educational and economic advantage simply because they draw many of the best and brightest from other settings.States that do not enjoy this advantage, however, must develop strategies to encourage higher education institutions to work with schools and other agencies, helping to maximize both college participation and the economic benefits higher education provides to a states population. Colleges and universities have the cognitive content to improve both measures by working in conjunction with a states primary and secondary schools as their principal provider of students, as well as with business leaders, who employ substantial poesy of their graduates. A states most promising strategy in upbringing collaboration is to create a framework and statewide incentives that help coordinate local initiatives. In this, as in other dimensions of achieving a s tates public purposes, the levers of policy can help make collaboration with other stakeholders seem to be in the best interests of higher education institutions themselves. Part of a states challenge in promoting collaboration between higher education and K-12 institutions is to overcome substantial cultural barriers that exist between the two domains. Finally, the incentives a state creates for increased collaboration must be built on both sides, so that public schools and higher education institutions find their own interests served by working together.In general, it is community colleges as well as comprehensive universities with strong commitments to training teachers that are most highly attuned to the challenges of K-12 schools, and to the evolving set of skills that business and industry leaders seek in their workforce. It is also true that the more numerous the expectations a state places on its higher education institutions, the easier it becomes for institutions to escap e responsibility for those goals they find less conducive to their own ambitions. States must create conditions that make it oblige for higher education institutions to work with K-12 schools in improving students preparation for college. evenly important is a states role in fostering institutional partnerships with business and industry to help maximize the benefits that higher education confers to a states residents. If institutions choose not to participate in the achievement of such purposes, states must devise means of encouraging compliance. A state that lacks themeans or the will to define and pursue its public priorities effectively accords its public institutions open license to pursue goals of their own choosing, with negligible regard to a states public purposes.

Tuesday, February 26, 2019

Ele569 2011 Exam Paper

pic **** 2011**** ELE569MICROWAVE ELECTRONICSDuration 2 hours 30 proceedings YOU ARE NOT PERMITTED TO READ THE CONTENTS OF THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO DO SO BY AN INVIGILATOR. Answer FOUR Questions. The Smith Chart is Attached. calculators argon permitted in this examination. Please state on your response book the take a crap and type of machine used. Complete all rough workings in the answer book and cross through any work which is non to be assessed. mportant note thE academic Regulations state that possession of unauthorised sensible at any time when a student is under examination conditions is an ASSESSMENT offence AND CAN LEAD TO EXPULSION FROM THE COLLEGE. Please deem NOW TO ENSURE YOU DO NOT HAVE ANY NOTES in your possession. IF YOU HAVE ANY THEN please RAISE YOUR hand AND show them to AN invigilator IMMEDIATELY. EXAM PAPERS CANNOT BE REMOVED FROM THE EXAM ROOM Examiners Prof. Y. Hao and Prof. C. G. Parini fagot Mary, University of London, 2010 Question 1 Answer the following questions on the Smith Chart and its applications. (a) Starting from the commentary of Reflection Coefficient, explain the construction of the Smith Chart. It is NOT necessary to come up the equations for the constant underground and constant reactance circles. 8 marks It is a polar plot of the knotty reflection coefficient. It is also known as the 1-port scattering parameter s or s11, for reflections from a normalised complex load underground z = r + jx 4 marks 2marks 2marks (b)Consider the transmission line circuit below (Figure 1).Use the Smith Chart to predominate SWR on the line, the return loss, the reflection coefficient at the load, the load admittance, the input impedance to the line, the distance to the first potential drop minimum, the distance from the load to the first voltage maximum. 9 marks 0. 8 Wavelength Z0 =50 ? ZL =70+j40 ? Zin Figure 1 pic 1mark for each answer except for last 2 (2 marks) (c)A load impedance of ZL = 100-j150 ? is to be matched to a 50 ? line utilise a single shunt-stub tuner. Find two solutions using short-circuited stubs. 8 marks 2 marks each for the following four answers picQuestion 2 (a) Consider an arbitary microwave electronic transistor with scattering matrix S, connected to man-made lake and load impedances as shown in Figure 2. pic Figure 2 total the following equations concerning (in and (out. pic 7 Marks with reference to figure 1, the refelection coefficient seen looking forward the load is pic mend the reflection coefficient seen looking toward the source is pic 1 Marks in general, the input impedance of the ended two-port network will be mismatched with a reflection coefficient given(p) by (in, which provoke be defined by the following analysis.From S parameters definition, pic Eliminating V2-, and solving for pic 4 Marks Similarly, (out can be obtained. 2 Marks (b) In a transistor oscillator, a one-port negative-resistance is effectively created by terminating a potential unstable transistor with an impedance designed to drive the device in an unstable region as shown in Figure 2. pic Figure 2 Assuming that S parameters of the transistor in a parkland-gate configuration are S11=(2. 18, -35(), S12=(2. 75, 96(), S21=(1. 26, 18(), S22=(0. 52, 155(). Design load and teminating networks using a combination of one-eighth nd a quarter wavelength impedance transformers for a microwave oscillator. Please note that the stability circle can be calculated using the following equations pic 18 Marks S11 is quite big, which means that the common gate transistor configuration is unstable The centre and radius of the take stability circle in the (T plane are CT=(1. 08, 33(), RT=0. 665 4 Marks Since S11=2. 181, whence the stable region is inside the stability circle, this gives large amount of emancipation to choose (T plane. (T is selected as (0. 59, -104().Then an impedance matching network is used to metamorphose ZT into 50Ohm match load From (T , (in=(3. 96, -2. 4(). It is obtained from pic Zin can be found to be (-84-j1. 9)Ohm, and therefore ZL(()= -Rin(()-jXin(() A matching network is chosen to match ZL with 50Ohm load 10 Marks establish on the following equations, an impedance matching network can be designed (T is selected as (0. 59, -104(), ? T can be found as Zin can be found to be (-84-j1. 9)Ohm, and then ZL(()= -Rin(()-jXin(()=84+j1. 9 Question 3 Answer the following questions about microwave amplifiers a)Show that for a unilateral device, where S12=0, the ( -parameter test implies that S11 1 and S22 1 for unconditional stability. Where the ( -parameter test is theorize as pic 8 marks pic pic (b) Use the ( -parameter test to determine which of the following devices are unconditionally stable, and of those, which has greatest stability. 6 Marks Device S11 S21 S12 S22 A 0. 80

Determining Databases and Data Communications Essay

The business we oblige chosen to review is AT&T. They are presently using the windowpane 7 and Mac OS x operating trunks and Office 2010 as their business software program. They also have or so equipment-specific software that uses the Linux and some run short specific software as GCAS, a mobile dispatch larboard or Granite, a visual database program. Using the Windows 7 OS gives AT&T its dependability many of the some other Microsoft operating systems are non as popular or user friendly. Windows 7 is the finest OS Microsoft has created since XPsome might say since Windows 2000. Many users just do not akin other versions, like Windows 8 or Windows Vista, but Windows 7 and Microsoft trifle well for AT&T because of the previous history and familiarity with AT&Ts employees. AT&T has been using a Windows OS of all time since Windows first went on the market or very soon thereafter.AT&T also benefits from a much discounted price because of their volume of gross revenue with t heir employment numbers reaching approximately 260,000. So far, Windows far surpasses other operating systems for business needs, mainly because of its dominance in the marketplace. But more recently AT&T U-Verse technicians rely on mobile devices, including orchard apple tree Inc.s iPads and iPhones, working on the Mac OS X, which launch AT&T-specific applications to dispatch technicians for U-verse customer appointments and to conduct network testing and other chance(a) activities in the field. Today technicians work with far more advanced equipment, by and large digital, to barge in and maintain a more advanced set of products and function (Stemle, 2012). Windows is also a good fit for the Microsoft Office product which AT&T uses for its word processing, spreadsheet use, the Access database, and the largely popular PowerPoint presentation software. In addition, AT&T uses Outlook for e-mail. This suite of programs adds to the discount received from Microsoft for a large volume purchase.The Linux operating system has the advantage of being astandard in equipment operating systems, especially for the system. The disadvantage is nearly equipment manufacturers frame their own software programs and tend to make it proprietary so it give the axe be expensive and not easily replaceable. AT&T radio has been using Granite Systems since 2000 to re chance upon resource redundancy, improve network dependability and rush service deployment. Although, specific functional programs have the benefit of solving a specific need, but giving one programming company accountant over the price and upgrade path. The Craft Access System was a program, developed in 1984 by AT&T subsidiary Bellsouth Telecommunications advanced Systems Division, which allowed telephone installers and repair technicians to gain access to their work order system by using diverse handheld PC equipment that connects to a land line telephone system.Now called GCAS, Global Craft Access System, thi s software is currently used worldwide so dispatchers laughingstock send problem notifications and install information to technicians. The technicians atomic number 50 send messages to the dispatchers and receive them also. In addition they can clock in and out, report outcomes for trouble calls, send their location information, and cross receipts for customers to sign after the job has been completed (Dispatch and Service congest System, 2014).Determining Operating Systems and Software Applications TableOperating SystemsHorizontal-Market ApplicationsVertical-Market ApplicationsOne-of-a-Kind Market ApplicationsAT&TMicrosoft MS Windows 7MS rule bookLinuxProprietary OSDescription of how it is usedUsers use OS to interface with the computer and its software applications MS Word is a widely accepted word-processing program that can be used for creating documents, letters, flyers, learning activities, and homework assignments for students. Operating system for different phone compan yequipment e.g. VM, routers, switches Complex equipment vendors using their version only, not an unmannerly system Typical userSecretary, Executive, maneuvers and TechniciansEntire organization, Legal, HR, Accounting, Marketing, Research, Engineering, Labs, Technicians, etc. Network Engineer and TechniciansVendor Engineer and TechniciansAdvantagesFamiliar so easy to use and everyone in the company uses same versionWidely used so most new applicants for work will have experience at work, home, or school Fast dependable, widely distributed and usedSpeed, Dependability, Advantage over the contentionDisadvantagesIt is not the latest version, so not the latest benefitsLarge institutionalise size, a lot of meta information gets saved along the way when changing and saving a Word file that can expand its size. Word can be very prone to viruses and malware. Additionally, users have complained that there are too many options. It is not easy to navigate mistakes cause study problems and recovery not possible. Locked into that vendor, pay more, maybe get less, hard to move up in technology development.References1. Dispatch and service support system. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.freepatentsonline.com/y2010/0049576.html 2. Stemle, C. (2012, howling(a) 24). AT&T technicians use iPads, iPhones out in the field. Louisville Business First. Retrieved from http//www.bizjournals.com/louisville/print-edition/2012/08/24/technology-att-technicians-use.html?page=all

Monday, February 25, 2019

Methods of Learning: Advantages and Disadvantages

To picture a learn activity or a tuition program, there is a variety of eruditeness methods which can be implemented to advance the learning process. These methods argon divided into two primary(prenominal)(prenominal) categories , flight simulator touch on and learner centered. In the below table, I have listed dissimilar learning methods with the advantages and disadvantages of each one.Method Advantage Disadvantage Presentations1. Save the time of transferring friendship. 2. Gives the learners to comp atomic number 18 their knowledge with the presented one . 3. Gives the Learner a chance to ask and discuss with the trainer directly. 2. Does non give the learners enough chance to control their own learning because it is trainer centered methodDemonstration1. Expose the learners to the best practice . 2. Considered as the scratch step to build the skills. 3. Save the time of share knowledge . 1. amateur demonstrators can be a result of poor performance. 2. Does not r ise the reality on the work site .Group Discussions, meetings and briefings1. A quick elbow room of sharing knowledge and skills. 2. Minimize the resistance of change 3. Learners can jot the meetings providing their agendas which meet their of necessity. 1. Does not involve practical part. 2. Discussions might miss the main topics and waste more time. 3. A few learners might control the discussions temporary hookup the differents are only listenersRole Play1. Learners can practice what they learn and share knowledge. 2. physique the sense of team work within learners . 3. Provide a unassailable environment for doing mistakes . 1. Might be over simplified , so does not reflect the real work. 2. Itrequires a feedback from the facilitator. 3. It improves skills only .E-learning1. Provide time tractability for learners . 2. The learner lead the pace of the learning. 3. Can be accessed in different ways and from different places. 1. Minimize the sense of team work and sharing know ledge with others. 2. Requires anIT access and good network3. Boring for some learners styles much(prenominal) as the activists . On the job training 1. Expose the learners to the real work . 2. Gives the learners a chance to practice. 3. Give the learners to share knowledge with experienced employees. 1. Requires an experienced wise man . 2. Cannot be applied in organization where there is a famine of manpowe . 3. Learners might feel demotivated with a busy mentor or staff.Blended scholarship1. configuration of methods combined together. 2. It addresses all learning styles. 3. Improves the competencies through learning and practice. 1. actually pricey in terms of money and time. 2. Requires availability of several learning resources and facilities .Coaching1. Addresses the film needs of a learner 2. Maximize the learners satisfaction and self-esteem . 1. Very costly because it is one to one approach. 2. Requires an expert coach because it is applied for the forethought leve ls in most of the organization.Criteria of Choosing surrounded by learning Methods 1. Learning Objectives after analyzing the gaps between the current capabilities and the required capabilities, learning objectives will be generated to fulfill the learning needs.2. The learning budget It plays a main role in studying the methods which are most effective and efficient . Organizations with very limited budget unremarkably use the internal resources and not interested on the methods which are costly.3. quantify the work hours and the availability of manpower are very important criteria in selecting the competent methods. Sometimes, e-learning is selected due to time restrictions within the organization or the function.4. Learning resources and materials facilities, number of learners , learning aids and IT issues are put into consideration to select the suitable learning method.Learning Resources ,Facilities and Equipments and their Advantages and DisadvantagesItem Advantage Dis advantage Power foreshadow 1. Easy to use. 2. Support the structure of learning activity 3. Display photos, charts and statistics. 1. Requires other equipment such as data projector and a computer. 2. Might be ho-hum for some learners styles.Internet1. Easy to access anywhere any time. 2. Include slews of learning references and materials. 1. Requires good network otherwise the learners will not be able to learn properly. 2. Learners might not be focused to the main topic when using the internet.Videos1. Interesting for most of the learners . 2. It is not costly and does not need more homes. 1. Contain some cultural issues. 2. It is not relevant for special needs learners such as deaf or device learners .A flipchart1. Very cheap. 2. Useful for learning activities and preparation. 3. Utilized to get the learners involved in the learning process. 1. Requires a space in the room to be stocked with up. 2. needs clear colors. 3. Not applicable for some learning methods such as e-l earning.Books andHandouts1. Authentic references for learners. 1. New technology interference . 2. Need space or room for storing.Smart Boards1. Integrated technology 2. Interested for learner 1. Needs special training for users. 2. Very costlyClassroom or training halls1. Traditional and recyclable for group learning . 1. Requires a suitable preparation. 2. Not applicable for e-learning or mobile learning.Criteria for selecting suitable resources , facilities and equipment for learning activities 1. Learners factors and learners styles This selection is a result of analyzing the learners factors and needs such as deaf, blind, activists, theorists..etc. 2. Budget After considering the assigned budget the suitable resources and facilities will be easy to identified . 3. Legislation There are some learning legislations and policies which should be into consideration such as preventative and health . 4. Nature of the learning activities or the learning methods For example, e-learn ing requires the availability of computers or smart phone or devices. 5. Number of learners This is very important criteria to diagnose the size of the class or the training hall . In addition, it change the learning and development practitioner to identify the learning method .

A Strategic Analysis of GE Healthcare Essay

GE Healthc be is a building block of the wider common electric Company. It has a global orientation, employing more(prenominal) than 46, 000 faculty committed to serving health c atomic number 18 professionals and patients in over 100 countries. It is headquartered in the United Kingdom (UK)-the starting time GE business segment outside the United States. It has a turnover rate of approximately $ 17 billion. The headquarters hosts GE health c are corporate offices as well as finance, sales, global sourcing departments, X-Ray marketing, manu accompanimenturing, design and shipping. The finance and sales departments at the headquarters handle GE healthcares utmost level decisions, but each modality often has its own interchangeable departments. The global sourcing department handles all purchasing for the unshakable. GE Healthcare provides a variety of products suffices namely Technologies in medical imaging, diagnostics in medicine, systems for monitoring patients, solut ions for improving performance, discovering drugs, and technologies to manufacture biopharmaceuticals.It also provides X-Ray products which include radiography, fluoroscopy, vascular, cardiology, and the spry C-Arm machine. At present, GE Healthcare has six major business units orbicular Diagnostic Imaging Unit with its headquarters in the US, its business includes digital mammography, X-ray services, Magnetic Resonance, Computed Tomography and technologies in Molecular Imaging. Integrated IT Solutions (IITS). alike headquartered in Barrington USA, IITS oblations solutions in clinical and monetary information technologies, such as IT Products and service for departments, systems for picture Archiving and Communications, Information System solutions in Radiology and cardiovascular in addition to practices and systems for managing revenue cycles.Medical Diagnostics Business Unit. This is headquartered in USA and its business includes investigatees in Medical Diagnostics, manufact uring and marketing imaging agents utilise in medical s croupning techniques to view charitable body variety meat and tissues. Clinical Systems Unit. Also Headquartered in the US, this business offers a variety of healthcare services and technological solutions for medical officers and managers of healthcare systems. These include Ultrasound, technologies for monitoring patients, dress up densitometry, incubators, respiratory care and centering of anesthesia. GE Healthcare Life Sciences Unit. This is headquartered in Sweden. It produces technologies for discovering drugs, biopharmaceutical manufacturing and cellular technologies.This division also manufactures equipment for the purifying biopharmaceuticals. GE Healthcare mathematical process Business Unit. This division offers equipment and technologies for surgical care interventions, cardiac, systems and technologies for diagnostic monitoring, systems and data counselling technologies, to systems for mobile fluoroscopic ima ging, instrumentations on 3D visual systems and navigation. Its headquarters are in Utah, USA, GE Healthcare has offices in different parts of the world. It also has autochthonic regional operation centers in Paris, Japan, and India. (GE Healthcare Website Retrieved December 2010)Business outline and Organizational Structure AnalysisThe world business environment is everlastingly changing, presenting new(a) opportunities and challenges. This calls for competitive strategies in order to remain competitive. This section evaluates the opportunities and challenges presented by GE Healthcare organizational structure. In the Financial Year (FY) closure December 2007, the company recorded revenues of $16, 997 million an increase of 2.7% over 2006. The in operation(p) profit was $3,056 million in 2007 drop of 2.7% from 2006. This GE business unit recorded revenues of $16,015 million, during the Financial Year (FY) ended December 2009. This reflected a step-down of 7.9% over FY 2008. The operating profit for the FY ended December 2009 was $2,240 million a decrease of 15.1% over FY 2008. Analysts attribute to both the complex internal and out-of-door environments of the company. I evaluate this argument by undertaking a grind (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis of the company and integrating it to the Porters Five Forces Model.Internal AnalysisGE healthcare is one of the best immobiles in leadership development. The firms Human Resources Department is keen in developing a industrial-strength workforce that opposes to changing global needs. It employs strategically employs and motivates the best qualified talents globally. It invests more than $100 million annually on educational training and staff development. The GE Healthcare Institute provides advanced training for GEHC employees and guests. It combines Technical training, Applications and leadership trainings. More than 70 laboratories with the latest equipment provide GE and customers world break up instruction in all areas of equipment maintenance and operation. The Training in fusion curriculum provides a full range of training programs.GE managers are considered one of the firms classifiable competencies and strengths. The challenge is maintaining employee motivation finished better remuneration in a time of global sparing meltdown and declining profits for the firm. GE Healthcare is capable of changing and eer re-inventing itself to deal with changing business needs. Setting new standards for management, organizational design, Research and Development has been the pillar of the firm. This is evidenced by the primement of the six distinctive business units stated above. Exploiting the resources that the firm has, this competency can be meant un-substitutable. The firm is continually innovating to develop solutions to customer changing needs.As Jeffrey Immelt stated, the firms employees bugger off an faculty to live in the moment. This quality is rare and not s haplessly imitated. This organizational culture ensures that employees continue with innovation and development of new ideas. The firm has a global orientation, with production facilities outside the US and UK, a wider customer base, a crack brand, sales, marketing, IT and Production departments within every modality. This ensures efficiency of service within each business unit.To ensure financial righteousness in outsourcing and procurement, decisions regarding this are handled by offices at the headquarters. GE Healthcare operates within the deed of conveyance of the well known and established General galvanising this promotes sharing of management knowledge and experiences. General Electric is a well known differentiate with a global touch. This strong internal structure has been at the perfume of the firms success. However Organizations function as systems, they interact and respond to the surrounding environment (Barnard 1938). This calls for an extern al analysis of this firm.External Analysis challenger AnalysisAnalysts argue that competitors can ensure that similar firms remain productive. though this can be healthy for consumers, small competitors and substitute product can drive giants out of the market. siemens AG competes against GE group in communications, power, transportation, medical, and lighting industries. Siemens and HE Healthcare are most competitive in the healthcare industry. Siemens Medical Solutions happens to be largest supplier of healthcare equipment globally.Siemens AG is distinctive in its innovativeness and provision of complete solutions to its customers. Siemens is actually larger, with close to 440,000 employees, 70,000 of which are located in the U.S. Despite the fact that GE Healthcare outdoes Siemens AG in healthcare ($9.4 billion) and get-up-and-go ($15.3 billion) it is a competitor that cannot be ignored. Both operate at most global scale. Other competitors include FUJIFILM Medical Systems USA, Inc. Hitachi Medical partnership Nihon Kohden Corporation Schiller AG TOSHIBA Medical Systems Corporation Philips Healthcare Philips Respironics, Inc.Industry AnalysisGeneral Electrics firms including the Healthcare unit have been analyzed victimization porters five forces molding to determine which industry is more attractive. GE Healthcare industry is challenged by competitors and new market entrants. Consumers constantly demand low prices at a high quality leading to intensive bargaining. Retailers have to bargain with suppliers to fix the prices of their products. The GE retail industry also faces the little terror of substitute products. For more on the competency strategy, SWOT analysis an the forces model see Appendix 1 and 2.RecommendationsGE Healthcare already has a global orientation, large customer base. The success of GE Healthcare lies at how best it chooses its business focus. There is need to focus on a specific market niche. Too much diversification and provision of a wide variety of products may be a step ship but it can also become a mechanism for reversal. some(prenominal) diversification can lead to lose of business focus. It is evident that new technology and the creation of a global virtual market offer an opportunity for the firm to grow its business.African and some Asian markets are still virgins to the firm. There is need to identify and exploit this business markets. Where favorable, establish production facilities. Advertising and strategic marketing remains a superior option to strengthen the firms brand identity. With increasing human rights concerns and demands for accountability, there is need for education and corporate social responsibility, as consumers are becoming more sensitive to scientific information. Nevertheless challenges of environmental accountability abound and cannot be ignored.Works CitedBarnard, C.I. The Functions of the Executive, Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press, 1938. Print. Barnard, C.I. Organiz ation and Management Selected Papers, Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press. 1948. Print. Brady, Diane. GE When Execs Outperform the Stock. Business Week 17 Apr. 2006. Goel Sanjay et al .General Electric Strategic Management.

Sunday, February 24, 2019

Educational Orientation for African Americans Essay

Reality depends on ones science of the world. Thus, although there is one indoctrinate, each cultivatechild perceives his or her experiences in that school differently. Reality exists in that individual perception (Marcus, Gross, & Seefeldt, 1991, p. 364). Ensuring social justice and opportunities of achievement for all assimilators, especially historically underrepresented groups, has been my complaint in life for many years. Concerned with issues like equal prospect and treatment for all students, regardless of students social class, ethnicity, or family structure, I view as always attempted to be cognizant of students perspectives.As a counselor-at-law in a school that is predominantly white with a few African American students I would like to look into intervention strategies that would secure those African American students in my school be more victoryful. in that location ar many factors associated with school failure, especially in African American males. The pu rpose of this research is to identify those factors and develop interventions strategies to apply to combat the school failure of those students. Examining their culture and of the causes of this phenomena and understanding how they experience school was critical in identifying the issues and influences on their educations.Students failures to learn and succeed do not occur push through of thin air. More specifically, African American boys failures to achieve do not occur out of thin air. A review of literature on B leave out male achievement shows that not only do they dally git their White counterparts in America, but also in Britain and Canada (Graham & Robinson, 2004 Smith, Schneider, & Ruck, 2005). aid must be given to examining policies, practices, attitudes, and experiences that create such failure in schools (Christle, Jolivette, & Nelson, 2005 Kagan, 1990 Nieto, 1999). Educators retain many responsibilities.One of those responsibilities is to examine the reasons for t he failure of students. Marian Wright Edelman (1992) nitty-grittys up the purpose of education and echoes my belief of the responsibility of educators Education is for improving the lives of others and for leave your community and world better than you found it (pp. 9-10). The decision to study African American males in nerve centre school arises from personal interest in equity and social justice issues. Tied to that is my experience in middle schools where I have been witness to struggle students, particularly AfricanAmerican males from low socio sparing neighborhoods, who have demonstrated a miss of success in school. One cannot help but wonder why macrocosm somber and male orders students at risk for school failure (Davis, 2003 Noguera, 2003). For these reasons, my research is focused on a group of African American who are not successful in school those who are struggling academically, demonstrating out or keeping(p) behavior at school, and not putting forth effort to e xtend to their academic potential. The research will fulfillk to identify the influences, or the lack thereof, impacting these students success.When factoring in other issues that potentially result from a lack of educational attainment, such as involvement in illegal operation and enslavement of African American students, it is easy to see that we cannot afford to attempt on whether or not these students will make it on their own. frighten statistics create a sense of urgency and responsibility for educators in stretchiness African American students in particular. Predictions based on steady incarceration rates reveal that 32% of African American males will probable serve time in state or federal prisons during the public life of their lifetimes (U. S. incision of Justice, 2002). We are living in a country where in two ways as many African Americans live below the poverty canal than Caucasians and where 40% of jail inmates are African American (U. S. Department of Commerc e, 2002 U. S. Department of Justice, 2002). African Americans have held the lead in the percentage of people dismissed for three years consecutively (U. S. Department of Labor, 2003). Such statistics, when coupled with economic consequences of failing to adequately educate all students, paint a smuggled picture for a large segment of our population. Gibbs (1988) goes so far as to say that AfricanAmerican males are an endangered species. She uses a lexicon definition to define this term as a class of individuals having commonality attributes and designated by a common name which is in danger or peril of probable harm or loss (p. 1). It is critical that struggling African American students are identified early to help bar the dismal scenarios. The implications of failing to identify and assist struggling students at the early point possible not only have an present(prenominal) nub on students but also carry long-term consequences for students, communities, and the nation (Gib bs, 1988 Lee, 2002 prexys Committee, 1997).The educational and societal implications of not reaching this group of students are worthy of great concern. The lack of both academic progress and demand to learn are symptoms of a larger problem. Without getting to the root causes for the underachievement of African American males, another year goes by and they fall further behind their academically excelling peers, lowering their chances of passing their grades or scoring at development on the required yearly standardized tests. On a larger scale, this wordless catastrophe, as a member of the London Parliament refers to the underachievement of Black malestudents, lays the foundation for impediments to quality of life, earned income, and other obstacles in these individuals lives, as tumesce as implications for the greater society (Graham & Robinson, 2004, p. 654). behaviors children exhibit and failing to see the real problems. Conversations may take place between the teacher and the student or the student and an administrator on a superficial direct inquiring as to why they are misbehaving or failing, but the knock over search for the root causes is often set aside to deal with the immediate problem of behavior or unwillingness to learn.Students who are not come through academically often become casualties of the educational systems that cannot see them because their problems remain camouflaged (Nieto, 2004, p. 17). Classroom interventions, parent contacts, disciplinary consequences, counseling, and tutoring are a few of the strategies educators have implemented to improve student learning and chances of success. However, with some students it does not appear that we have scratched the surface of the underlying issues.Without getting to the root causes for the underachievement of African American males, another year goes by and they fall further behind their academically excelling peers, lowering their chances of passing their grades or scoring at profi ciency on the required yearly standardized tests. On a larger scale, this silent catastrophe, as a member of the London Parliament refers to the underachievement of Black male students, lays the foundation for impediments to quality of life, earned income, and other obstacles in these individuals lives, as well as implications for the greater society(Graham & Robinson, 2004, p. 654). Irvine and Irvine (1994) suggested there are two perspectives that sum up the critical factor analysis on African American students failure in school. The first they call the achievement problematic, which suggests that Black students school failure is related to their cultural beliefs, perceptions and values about education.The second, cultural problematic, suggests that impassivity to African American student culture is responsible for African American student school failure. The cultural vs. structural argument with regard to minority education is a common theme within sociology of education resear ch. confirmable studies often highlight one or the other as modify the under-achievement of African American. An examination of the various cultural and structural theories will put this debate into context.

What Was Life Like for People Living in Nazi Germany?

What was bearing story akin for people living in Nazi Germany? In Nazi Germany life for the Germans was serious. You had to know who you could trust, as trusting the wrong person may fetch you to loose your life. The Nazis and mainly Hitler really disliked Jews and any single else that was not their perfect Aryan. Hitler and the Nazis came up with the Nazi Racial Policy, in 1933 to try and persuade Jews to emigrate in that location was the Boycott of Jewish shops.Shop windows got Jewish symbols painted on them, members of the SA would stand exterior to threaten shoppers and anyone who did go in the shops would have their pertain put on a list so the Nazis would know who was using the Jewish shops. Jews were out(p) from all state jobs such as civil servants, teachers, journalists, lawyers and even receiving set announcers. Jewish and non-Jewish children were not allowed to play together. All of this made life baffling and not pleasant for the Jews, this is what Hitler wante d so that Jews would leave his beloved Germany.The Nuremburg Laws was an fundamental part to the way that Jews ran their life during Nazi Germany, the Nuremburg Laws consisted of things such as Jews could not marry or have sex with non-Jews, all Jews lost German Citizenship Jews were not allowed to own radios, typewriters or bicycles Jews were not allowed to own their own buisnesses and were ban from going places such as the cinema, theatres or concert halls. They were not allowed to debase newspapers or magazines, nor were they allowed to attend school or college.Male Jews were forced to add the name Israel and female Jews the name Sarah, to their first names. These Nuremburg Laws restricted what Jews were allowed to do, a lot. Homosexuals were effected by the Nazis as well, they were seen as not fitting into normal families, they were savagely persecuted. About 15,000 were arrested and displace to concentration camps. Many were used in medical experiments or they were castrate d. Himmler was ball over to discover several homosexuals in the SS, they were move to concentation camps and shot whilst trying to escape.Political opponents were undesirable to the Nazis because they were seen as a threat who shouldnt be here, habitual criminals were also undesirable because they were seen as a burden and socially useless. In the Nazis eyes Jehovahs witnesss were undesirable because their beliefs were different to the Nazis. Gypsys and Jews were also seen as undesirable as they did not fit the Nazis Aryans (blonde hair, blue eyes etc) Anyone who had more than one grandparent who themself was Jewish ou too were considered Jewish. This made life very restricted, if you were undesirable then you were displace to a concentration camp, for anyone who was lucky enough not to be sent there but to be able to live in their denture but by the Nazis rules. There was lots of violence in the streets and so much fear in the air. People were dragged out of their homes and tak en apart violently. Many people were beaten and sometimes killed in the streets.This was a terrible ordeal for people living in Nazi Germany, even if you were not the ones being beaten, seeing your friends and neighbors being beaten would be torrible. Over 6 million Jews were killed by the Nazis during Hitlers years in power. In conclusion life was terrible for people living in Nazi Germany, after Kristallnacht in November 1938 Jews were treated terribly and many were killed. Nazi Germany was a very lowering time for the civilians. This was Hitlers aim to make life hell for Jews and any undesirables.

Saturday, February 23, 2019

Project Risk Management – Fluidity in Risk Planning Case Study

run a stake Paper 2 Project gamble Management- Professor Hurst Fluidity in Risk Planning A sideslip Study One of the most important amounts within a fancy is risk vigilance because it plans for and responds to risks that uphold the over only project deliverables including figure and timeframe. Risk perplexity is used to mitigate risk in ways that align with to from each one(prenominal) one individual risk and its potential impact. During the risk charge process risks argon put and defined and a plan to control, reminder and eliminate them is created.Risks from all areas are brought up during these brainstorming sessions of the risk management provision mannequin and are planned for accordingly. The work breakdown structure of the project is used as a guide when compiling a risk matrix that give identify potential risks, their severity and impacts. The graphic symbol learn in chapter 13 reflects two unalike risk response strategies with regards to the tender r eview process of a projects deliverables.The rootage variety angle of the shield study aligns more closely with a primitive and effective risk preparation process plan while the encourage course angle builds on the baselines determined by the first chassis to capture a more comforting and final risk assessment that will continue to be fluid throughout the project. Risk management is a crucial step of the project planning stage that continuously evolves throughout the project. During phase unity of the case study this stage is considered a mellowed importance and value step thus resulting in the proper planning of the risks based of off the WBS.The objectives of phase one are clearly identified and the intention to identify major risks of the project, which will be used as a baseline when comparing each individual tender to the projects risk outcomes, is clear and all major steps to do so are taken. Step one of the creating the tender phase one case study calls for the project structure to be reviewed with the project tutor and key staff and creating an agreed risk WBS. (Cooper, Grey, Raymond, Walker, 2005, p. 52) The first step calls for a meeting of all parties involved to review the WBS and drive brainstorming on potential risks. This is a highly advised step because it allows for proper risk identification and mutual understanding of the risks amongst all parties. word form one does a solid job identifying risks exploitation human resources, quantifiable measures and adequate documentation. Phase two uses the outcomes of phase one as a baseline and works of off those when comparing each tenderers bear to the risks and determining the impact the tender will have on each individual risk.Phase two uses the exact same process as phase one except it already has a baseline to work with whereas phase one creates the baseline. Both steps are highly regarded steps barely step two does a fail job at identifying risks because it uses the baseline of potential risks and compares them to the introduction of a new major risk, the tenderer, while bill its impact on the overall project. Phase two is the more solid one of the two phases because it demonstrates the fluidity of the risk planning process while quantifying each change to the baseline using the same approach as in phase one.The case study states that during phase two all revised risk likeliness and impact measures should be converted to numeric scales and risk factors should be recalculated. (Cooper, Grey, Raymond, Walker, 2005, p. 160) Thus phase two also does a better job at quantifying the risks because it compares each changed risk to the baseline and adjusts its ratings based on the proposed changes creating a more realistic understanding of the potential risk likelihood and impact. The case study was interesting because it showed the pre planning phase of the risk planning process.The pre planning phase was phase one because it created a baseline of faux ris ks while phase two built on this fluidity and showed the impacts each tenderer would have on these risks. Essentially phase one of the case study directed phase two since phase two could not be completed without the identified baselines. Phase one was a simpler stage of the case study because it consisted of brainstorming and risk identification without taking into consideration the absolute or negative impacts a third party would have. This does not beggarly that it didnt plan for those as phase two was to follow at one time tender submissions were received.Phase two, however, had a more compelling assessment of risk because it had a map already outline and it just needed to follow it to number at the shell possible location or situation. The first phase identified risk assessment formulas to quantify the risks it created a baseline of risks and examine proof steps to follow. With those results in mind, the second phase was more concrete because it followed the steps set fort h by the first phase, analyzed the impact of the actions of the tenderer on the baseline risks, assessed those, anked them and then assigned numerical values using the formula set forth in the first phase. These two cases are so much alike yet they are so different as well. They are alike because they use the same process to identify and rank risks but their baselines are different. The first case, phase one, started with a space slate using the WBS to identify risks while the second case, phase two, used the baseline set forth by the first phase and used the WBS to explore new ways and their impacts on the overall project.Both phases of this case study are crucial in risk management projects and are enforceable whether a tender is requested or not. Risk management is a fluid process that calls for constant adjustments to achieve the best possible outcome with minimal if not zero interruptions of the projects deliverables. This case study showed the importance of constant review of risks and the work that goes into risk avoidance and mitigation.Risk avoidance does not only occur during the initial phase of risk planning but it is something that project managers prefer to keep in mind with every step they take, whether this means hiring contractors, employees or support staff, each individual and their actions will impact the overall risk of the project, the question is how bad? References Cooper, D. , Grey, S, Raymond, G. , Walker, P. (2005). Project Risk Management Guidelines Managing Risk in Large Projects and multifactorial Procurements. West Sussex, England Wiley and Sons.